Laravel框架生命周期与原理分析
发布:smiling 来源: PHP粉丝网 添加日期:2021-09-27 09:30:41 浏览: 评论:0
本文实例讲述了Laravel框架生命周期与原理。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
引言:如果你对一件工具的使用原理了如指掌,那么你在用这件工具的时候会充满信心!
正文:一旦用户(浏览器)发送了一个HTTP请求,我们的apache或者nginx一般都转到index.php,因此,之后的一系列步骤都是从index.php开始的,我们先来看一看这个文件代码。
- <?php
- require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/autoload.php';
- $app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
- /*
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Run The Application
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |
- | Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request
- | through the kernel, and send the associated response back to
- | the client's browser allowing them to enjoy the creative
- | and wonderful application we have prepared for them.
- |
- */
- $kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
- $response = $kernel->handle(
- $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
- );
- $response->send();
- $kernel->terminate($request, $response);
作者在注释里谈了kernel的作用,kernel的作用,kernel处理来访的请求,并且发送相应返回给用户浏览器。
这里又涉及到了一个app对象,所以附上app对象,所以附上app对象的源码,这份源码是\bootstrap\app.php
- <?php
- /*
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Create The Application
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |
- | The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
- | which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
- | the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
- |
- */
- $app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
- realpath(__DIR__.'/../')
- );
- /*
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Bind Important Interfaces
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |
- | Next, we need to bind some important interfaces into the container so
- | we will be able to resolve them when needed. The kernels serve the
- | incoming requests to this application from both the web and CLI.
- |
- */
- $app->singleton(
- Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
- App\Http\Kernel::class
- );
- $app->singleton(
- Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
- App\Console\Kernel::class
- );
- $app->singleton(
- Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,
- App\Exceptions\Handler::class
- );
- /*
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Return The Application
- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- |
- | This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
- | the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
- | from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
- |
- */
- return $app;
请看app变量是Illuminate\Foundation\Application类的对象,所以调用了这个类的构造函数,具体做了什么事,我们看源码。
- public function __construct($basePath = null)
- {
- if ($basePath) {
- $this->setBasePath($basePath);
- }
- $this->registerBaseBindings();
- $this->registerBaseServiceProviders();
- $this->registerCoreContainerAliases();
- }
构造器做了3件事,前两件事很好理解,创建Container,注册了ServiceProvider,看代码
- /**
- * Register the basic bindings into the container.
- *
- * @return void
- */
- protected function registerBaseBindings()
- {
- static::setInstance($this);
- $this->instance('app', $this);
- $this->instance(Container::class, $this);
- }
- /**
- * Register all of the base service providers.
- *
- * @return void
- */
- protected function registerBaseServiceProviders()
- {
- $this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));
- $this->register(new LogServiceProvider($this));
- $this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
- }
最后一件事,是做了个很大的数组,定义了大量的别名,侧面体现程序员是聪明的懒人。
- /**
- * Register the core class aliases in the container.
- *
- * @return void
- */
- public function registerCoreContainerAliases()
- {
- $aliases = [
- 'app' => [\Illuminate\Foundation\Application::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Container\Container::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Foundation\Application::class],
- 'auth' => [\Illuminate\Auth\AuthManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory::class],
- 'auth.driver' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard::class],
- 'blade.compiler' => [\Illuminate\View\Compilers\BladeCompiler::class],
- 'cache' => [\Illuminate\Cache\CacheManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Factory::class],
- 'cache.store' => [\Illuminate\Cache\Repository::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cache\Repository::class],
- 'config' => [\Illuminate\Config\Repository::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Config\Repository::class],
- 'cookie' => [\Illuminate\Cookie\CookieJar::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cookie\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Cookie\QueueingFactory::class],
- 'encrypter' => [\Illuminate\Encryption\Encrypter::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter::class],
- 'db' => [\Illuminate\Database\DatabaseManager::class],
- 'db.connection' => [\Illuminate\Database\Connection::class, \Illuminate\Database\ConnectionInterface::class],
- 'events' => [\Illuminate\Events\Dispatcher::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Events\Dispatcher::class],
- 'files' => [\Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem::class],
- 'filesystem' => [\Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Factory::class],
- 'filesystem.disk' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Filesystem::class],
- 'filesystem.cloud' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Filesystem\Cloud::class],
- 'hash' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Hashing\Hasher::class],
- 'translator' => [\Illuminate\Translation\Translator::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Translation\Translator::class],
- 'log' => [\Illuminate\Log\Writer::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Logging\Log::class, \Psr\Log\LoggerInterface::class],
- 'mailer' => [\Illuminate\Mail\Mailer::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\Mailer::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Mail\MailQueue::class],
- 'auth.password' => [\Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBrokerManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBrokerFactory::class],
- 'auth.password.broker' => [\Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBroker::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\PasswordBroker::class],
- 'queue' => [\Illuminate\Queue\QueueManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Monitor::class],
- 'queue.connection' => [\Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\Queue::class],
- 'queue.failer' => [\Illuminate\Queue\Failed\FailedJobProviderInterface::class],
- 'redirect' => [\Illuminate\Routing\Redirector::class],
- 'redis' => [\Illuminate\Redis\RedisManager::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Redis\Factory::class],
- 'request' => [\Illuminate\Http\Request::class, \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request::class],
- 'router' => [\Illuminate\Routing\Router::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\Registrar::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\BindingRegistrar::class],
- 'session' => [\Illuminate\Session\SessionManager::class],
- 'session.store' => [\Illuminate\Session\Store::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Session\Session::class],
- 'url' => [\Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\UrlGenerator::class],
- 'validator' => [\Illuminate\Validation\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Factory::class],
- 'view' => [\Illuminate\View\Factory::class, \Illuminate\Contracts\View\Factory::class],
- ];
- foreach ($aliases as $key => $aliases) {
- foreach ($aliases as $alias) {
- $this->alias($key, $alias);
- }
- }
- }
这里出现了一个instance函数,其实这并不是Application类的函数,而是Application类的父类Container类的函数。
- /**
- * Register an existing instance as shared in the container.
- *
- * @param string $abstract
- * @param mixed $instance
- * @return void
- */
- public function instance($abstract, $instance)
- {
- $this->removeAbstractAlias($abstract);
- unset($this->aliases[$abstract]);
- // We'll check to determine if this type has been bound before, and if it has
- // we will fire the rebound callbacks registered with the container and it
- // can be updated with consuming classes that have gotten resolved here.
- $this->instances[$abstract] = $instance;
- if ($this->bound($abstract)) {
- $this->rebound($abstract);
- }
- }
Application是Container的子类,所以$app不仅是Application类的对象,还是Container的对象,所以,新出现的singleton函数我们就可以到Container类的源代码文件里查。bind函数和singleton的区别见这篇博文。
singleton这个函数,前一个参数是实际类名,后一个参数是类的“别名”。
$app对象声明了3个单例模型对象,分别是HttpKernel,ConsoleKernel,ExceptionHandler。请注意,这里并没有创建对象,只是声明,也只是起了一个“别名”。
大家有没有发现,index.php中也有一个$kernel变量,但是只保存了make出来的HttpKernel变量,因此本文不再讨论,ConsoleKernel,ExceptionHandler。。。
继续在文件夹下找到App\Http\Kernel.php,既然我们把实际的HttpKernel做的事情都写在这个php文件里,就从这份代码里看看究竟做了哪些事?
- <?php
- namespace App\Http;
- use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;
- class Kernel extends HttpKernel
- {
- /**
- * The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
- *
- * These middleware are run during every request to your application.
- *
- * @var array
- */
- protected $middleware = [
- \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
- //\App\Http\Middleware\MyMiddleware::class,
- ];
- /**
- * The application's route middleware groups.
- *
- * @var array
- */
- protected $middlewareGroups = [
- 'web' => [
- \App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
- \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
- \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
- \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
- \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
- ],
- 'api' => [
- 'throttle:60,1',
- ],
- ];
- /**
- * The application's route middleware.
- *
- * These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
- *
- * @var array
- */
- protected $routeMiddleware = [
- 'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
- 'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
- 'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
- 'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
- 'mymiddleware'=>\App\Http\Middleware\MyMiddleware::class,
- ];
- }
一目了然,HttpKernel里定义了中间件数组。
该做的做完了,就开始了请求到响应的过程,见index.php
- $response = $kernel->handle(
- $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
- );
- $response->send();
最后在中止,释放所有资源。
- /**
- * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
- *
- * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
- * @param \Illuminate\Http\Response $response
- * @return void
- */
- public function terminate($request, $response)
- {
- $this->terminateMiddleware($request, $response);
- $this->app->terminate();
- }
总结一下,简单归纳整个过程就是:
1.index.php加载\bootstrap\app.php,在Application类的构造函数中创建Container,注册了ServiceProvider,定义了别名数组,然后用app变量保存构造函数构造出来的对象。
2.使用app这个对象,创建1个单例模式的对象HttpKernel,在创建HttpKernel时调用了构造函数,完成了中间件的声明。
3.以上这些工作都是在请求来访之前完成的,接下来开始等待请求,然后就是:接受到请求-->处理请求-->发送响应-->中止app变量
Tags: Laravel生命周期
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