如何使用GDB调试PHP程序
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GDB是GNU开源组织发布的一个强大的UNIX下的程序调试工具,如果你是在 UNIX平台下做软件,你会发现GDB这个调试工具有比VC、BCB的图形化调试器更强大的功能,同时GDB也具有例如ddd这样的图形化的调试端。
一般来说,GDB主要完成下面四个方面的功能:
(1)启动你的程序,可以按照你的自定义的要求随心所欲的运行程序。
(2)可让被调试的程序在你所指定的调置的断点处停住。(断点可以是条件表达式)
(3)当程序被停住时,可以检查此时你的程序中所发生的事。
(4)动态的改变你程序的执行环境。
1、简介
GDB是GNU开源组织发布的一个强大的UNIX下的程序调试工具。如果你是在 UNIX平台下做软件,你会发现GDB这个调试工具有比VC、BCB的图形化调试器更强大的功能。同时GDB也具有例如ddd这样的图形化的调试端。
2、调试C/C++程序
直接上代码了
- #include<iostream>
- using namespace std;
- long factorial(int n);
- int main()
- {
- int n(0);
- cin>>n;
- long val=factorial(n);
- cout<<val<<endl;
- cin.get();
- return 0;
- }
- long factorial(int n)
- {
- long result(1);
- while(n--)
- {
- result*=n;
- }
- return result;
- }
编译
g++ k.cpp -g -Wall -Werror -o main
开始调试
- [root@localhost code]# gdb ./main
- GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux (7.2-83.el6)
- Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
- This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
- There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
- and "show warranty" for details.
- This GDB was configured as "i686-redhat-linux-gnu".
- For bug reporting instructions, please see:
- <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
- Reading symbols from /code/main...done.
- (gdb) l
- warning: Source file is more recent than executable.
- 1 #include<iostream>
- 2 using namespace std;
- 3 long factorial(int n);
- 4
- 5 int main()
- 6 {
- 7 int n(0);
- 8 cin>>n;
- 9 long val=factorial(n);
- 10 cout<<val<<endl;
- (gdb)
设置断点 break linenumber
- (gdb) b 9
- Breakpoint 1 at 0x80486f9: file k.cpp, line 9.
- (gdb) r
- Starting program: /code/main
- 4
- Breakpoint 1, main () at k.cpp:9
- 9 long val=factorial(n);
设置观察点 watch var
- (gdb) s
- factorial (n=4) at k.cpp:17
- 17 long result(1);
- (gdb) l
- 12 return 0;
- 13 }
- 14
- 15 long factorial(int n)
- 16 {
- 17 long result(1);
- 18 while(n--)
- 19 {
- 20 result*=n;
- 21 }
- (gdb) watch n
- Hardware watchpoint 2: n
- (gdb) watch result
- Hardware watchpoint 3: result
- (gdb) c
- Continuing.
- Hardware watchpoint 3: result
- Old value = 0
- New value = 1
- factorial (n=4) at k.cpp:18
- 18 while(n--)
- (gdb)
- Continuing.
- Hardware watchpoint 2: n
- Old value = 4
- New value = 3
- 0x08048764 in factorial (n=3) at k.cpp:18
- 18 while(n--)
- (gdb)
- Continuing.
- Hardware watchpoint 3: result
- Old value = 1
- New value = 3
- factorial (n=3) at k.cpp:18
- 18 while(n--)
- (gdb)
- Continuing.
- Hardware watchpoint 2: n
- Old value = 3
- New value = 2
- 0x08048764 in factorial (n=2) at k.cpp:18
- 18 while(n--)
- (gdb)
- Continuing.
- Hardware watchpoint 3: result
- Old value = 3
- New value = 6
- factorial (n=2) at k.cpp:18
- 18 while(n--)
- (gdb)
- Continuing.
- Hardware watchpoint 2: n
- Old value = 2
- New value = 1
- 0x08048764 in factorial (n=1) at k.cpp:18
- 18 while(n--)
- (gdb)
- Continuing.
- Hardware watchpoint 2: n
- Old value = 1
- New value = 0
- 0x08048764 in factorial (n=0) at k.cpp:18
- 18 while(n--)
- (gdb)
- Continuing.
- Watchpoint 2 deleted because the program has left the block in
- which its expression is valid.
- Watchpoint 3 deleted because the program has left the block in
- which its expression is valid.
- 0x08048705 in main () at k.cpp:9
- 9 long val=factorial(n);
- (gdb) p val
- $1 = 11476980
- (gdb)
可以看到是while那里,导致n越界了,fix
- while(n>0) //doesn't let n reach 0
- {
- result*=n;
- n--; //decrements only after the evaluation
- }
一些快捷命令
- l – list
- p – print print {variable}
- c – continue
- s – step
- b - break break line_number/break [file_name]:line_number/break [file_name]:func_name
- r - run
- set <var> = <value>
- watch <var>
- ENTER: pressing enter key would execute the previously executed command again.
c/n/s的区别
•c or continue: Debugger will continue executing until the next break point.
•n or next: Debugger will execute the next line as single instruction.
•s or step: Same as next, but does not treats function as a single instruction, instead goes into the function and executes it line by line
3、调试PHP程序
PHP代码
- <?php.
- for($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++){
- echo $i."\n";
- sleep(3);
- if(in_array($i,[1,9,20])){
- print_r($i*$i);
- var_dump($i*$i);
- print $i*$i;
- }
- }
开始调试,加上断点
- [root@localhost code]# gdb php
- GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux (7.2-83.el6)
- Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
- This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
- There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
- and "show warranty" for details.
- This GDB was configured as "i686-redhat-linux-gnu".
- For bug reporting instructions, please see:
- <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
- Reading symbols from /usr/bin/php...done.
- (gdb) b zif_sleep
- Breakpoint 1 at 0x8435180: file /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/basic_functions.c, line 4449.
- (gdb) b zif_in_array
- Breakpoint 2 at 0x8426923: file /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/array.c, line 1215.
- (gdb) b zif_print_r
- Breakpoint 3 at 0x8438273: file /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/basic_functions.c, line 5553.
- (gdb) b zif_var_dump
- Breakpoint 4 at 0x847d296: file /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/var.c, line 178.
- (gdb) b zif_printf
- Function "zif_printf" not defined.
- Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) n
- (gdb) b zif_sprintf
- Function "zif_sprintf" not defined.
- Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) n
- (gdb) b printf
- Breakpoint 5 at 0x806a390
- (gdb) b memcpy
- Breakpoint 6 at 0x8069390
- (gdb) b zif_print
- Function "zif_print" not defined.
- Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) n
- (gdb) b zif_echo
- Function "zif_echo" not defined.
- Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) n
- (gdb) info b
- Num Type Disp Enb Address What
- 1 breakpoint keep y 0x08435180 in zif_sleep at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/basic_functions.c:4449
- 2 breakpoint keep y 0x08426923 in zif_in_array at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/array.c:1215
- 3 breakpoint keep y 0x08438273 in zif_print_r at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/basic_functions.c:5553
- 4 breakpoint keep y 0x0847d296 in zif_var_dump at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/var.c:178
- 5 breakpoint keep y 0x0806a390 <printf@plt>
- 6 breakpoint keep y 0x08069390 <memcpy@plt>
- (gdb)
加几个断点测试一下 syntax:break [file_name]:func_name,这里大致可以看一下 echo print等不是函数了,然后开始调试:
- (gdb) p *return_value
- $1 = {value = {lval = 1515870810, dval = 1.7838867517321418e+127, str = {val = 0x5a5a5a5a <Address 0x5a5a5a5a out of bounds>,
- len = 1515870810}, ht = 0x5a5a5a5a, obj = {handle = 1515870810, handlers = 0x5a5a5a5a}}, refcount__gc = 1, type = 0 '\000', is_ref__gc = 0 '\000'}
- (gdb) p return_value->value
- $2 = {lval = 1515870810, dval = 1.7838867517321418e+127, str = {val = 0x5a5a5a5a <Address 0x5a5a5a5a out of bounds>,
- len = 1515870810}, ht = 0x5a5a5a5a, obj = {handle = 1515870810, handlers = 0x5a5a5a5a}}
- (gdb) p return_value->value->lval
- $3 = 1515870810
我们还可以使用内置的gdbinit来调试
- (gdb) source /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/.gdbinit
- (gdb) zbacktrace
- [0xb7fa1144] sleep(3) /code/kk.php:4
查看当前堆栈,PHP内核的执行过程
- (gdb) bt
- #0 zif_sleep (ht=1, return_value=0xb7fbd6f0, return_value_ptr=0x0, this_ptr=0x0, return_value_used=0)
- at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/ext/standard/basic_functions.c:4449
- #1 0x085f6870 in execute_internal (execute_data_ptr=0xb7fa1144, fci=0x0, return_value_used=0)
- at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_execute.c:1484
- #2 0x085aea5f in dtrace_execute_internal (execute_data_ptr=0xb7fa1144, fci=0x0, return_value_used=0)
- at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_dtrace.c:97
- #3 0x00935c33 in pt_execute_core (internal=1, execute_data=0xb7fa1144, fci=0x0, rvu=0)
- at /usr/local/src/trace-0.3.0/extension/trace.c:941
- #4 0x00935e49 in pt_execute_internal (execute_data=0xb7fa1144, fci=0x0, return_value_used=0)
- at /usr/local/src/trace-0.3.0/extension/trace.c:1005
- #5 0x085f7523 in zend_do_fcall_common_helper_SPEC (execute_data=0xb7fa1144) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_vm_execute.h:552
- #6 0x085fb2a9 in ZEND_DO_FCALL_SPEC_CONST_HANDLER (execute_data=0xb7fa1144) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_vm_execute.h:2332
- #7 0x085f6deb in execute_ex (execute_data=0xb7fa1144) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_vm_execute.h:363
- #8 0x085ae9dc in dtrace_execute_ex (execute_data=0xb7fa1144) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_dtrace.c:73
- #9 0x00935c5e in pt_execute_core (internal=0, execute_data=0xb7fa1144, fci=0x0, rvu=0)
- at /usr/local/src/trace-0.3.0/extension/trace.c:946
- #10 0x00935e10 in pt_execute_ex (execute_data=0xb7fa1144) at /usr/local/src/trace-0.3.0/extension/trace.c:1000
- #11 0x085f6e4a in zend_execute (op_array=0xb7fbc7b4) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_vm_execute.h:388
- #12 0x085c1cf2 in zend_execute_scripts (type=8, retval=0x0, file_count=3) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend.c:1327
- #13 0x085470f9 in php_execute_script (primary_file=0xbffff4a4) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/main/main.c:2525
- #14 0x0865af46 in do_cli (argc=2, argv=0x8b9b908) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/sapi/cli/php_cli.c:994
- #15 0x0865bff3 in main (argc=2, argv=0x8b9b908) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/sapi/cli/php_cli.c:1378
查看代码段
- (gdb) l
- 4444 Delay for a given number of seconds */
- 4445 PHP_FUNCTION(sleep)
- 4446 {
- 4447 long num;
- 4448
- 4449 if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &num) == FAILURE) {
- 4450 RETURN_FALSE;
- 4451 }
- 4452 if (num < 0) {
- 4453 php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Number of seconds must be greater than or equal to 0");
- (gdb) l 4450
- 4445 PHP_FUNCTION(sleep)
- 4446 {
- 4447 long num;
- 4448
- 4449 if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &num) == FAILURE) {
- 4450 RETURN_FALSE;
- 4451 }
- 4452 if (num < 0) {
- 4453 php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Number of seconds must be greater than or equal to 0");
- 4454 RETURN_FALSE;
- (gdb) l zif_usleep
- 4463 /* }}} */
- 4464
- 4465 /* {{{ proto void usleep(int micro_seconds)
- 4466 Delay for a given number of micro seconds */
- 4467 PHP_FUNCTION(usleep)
- 4468 {
- 4469 #if HAVE_USLEEP
- 4470 long num;
- 4471
- 4472 if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "l", &num) == FAILURE) {
继续执行
- (gdb) n
- 4452 if (num < 0) {
- (gdb) p num
- $6 = 3
- (gdb) n
- 4457 RETURN_LONG(php_sleep(num));
- (gdb) n
- 4462 }
- (gdb) n
- execute_internal (execute_data_ptr=0xb7fa1144, fci=0x0, return_value_used=0) at /usr/local/src/php-5.5.23/Zend/zend_execute.c:1488
- 1488 }
到了execute_internal ,可以查看一下当前函数的一个状态
- (gdb) p execute_data_ptr
- $7 = (zend_execute_data *) 0xb7fa1144
- (gdb) p *execute_data_ptr
- $8 = {opline = 0xb7fbcacc, function_state = {function = 0x8bcf3e8, arguments = 0xb7fa119c}, op_array = 0xb7fbc7b4, object = 0x0,
- symbol_table = 0x8b99cdc, prev_execute_data = 0x0, old_error_reporting = 0x0, nested = 0 '\000',
- original_return_value = 0x38b4ac9, current_scope = 0x49, current_called_scope = 0x45, current_this = 0x0, fast_ret = 0x0,
- call_slots = 0xb7fa1188, call = 0xb7fa1188}
- (gdb) p *execute_data_ptr->function_state.function->common->function_name
- $9 = 115 's'
- (gdb) p execute_data_ptr->function_state.function->common->function_name
- $10 = 0x8af03c9 "sleep"
- (gdb) p execute_data_ptr->op_array->filename
- $11 = 0xb7fbc8e8 "/code/kk.php"
查看当前hashtable
- (gdb) p *execute_data_ptr->symbol_table
- $ = {nTableSize = , nTableMask = , nNumOfElements = , nNextFreeElement = , pInternalPointer = xbfbc,
- pListHead = xbfbc, pListTail = xbfbd, arBuckets = xbfb, pDestructor = xbff <_zval_ptr_dtor_wrapper>,
- persistent = '\', nApplyCount = '\', bApplyProtection = '\', inconsistent = }
继续执行输出c之后,回车即可,同样可以看到in_array的执行信息
- (gdb) p *execute_data_ptr->function_state.function
- $24 = {type = 1 '\001', common = {type = 1 '\001', function_name = 0x8af1841 "in_array", scope = 0x0, fn_flags = 256,
- prototype = 0x0, num_args = 3, required_num_args = 2, arg_info = 0x8ae7554}, op_array = {type = 1 '\001',
- function_name = 0x8af1841 "in_array", scope = 0x0, fn_flags = 256, prototype = 0x0, num_args = 3, required_num_args = 2,
- arg_info = 0x8ae7554, refcount = 0x842691d, opcodes = 0x8bcf120, last = 0, vars = 0x0, last_var = 0, T = 1,
- nested_calls = 3086618796, used_stack = 0, brk_cont_array = 0x0, last_brk_cont = 1, try_catch_array = 0xb7fa10dd,
- last_try_catch = 96, has_finally_block = 160 '\240', static_variables = 0x0, this_var = 11482064,
- filename = 0xaf1ff4 "|\035\257", line_start = 11482016, line_end = 146381272,
- doc_comment = 0xbffff238 "x\362\377\277\244\aY\b\021", doc_comment_len = 10305959, early_binding = 11085989,
- literals = 0x8b7a0a0, last_literal = 140062666, run_time_cache = 0xb7fa10d4, last_cache_slot = 90, reserved = {0x9, 0x8b5f7ac,
- 0x796, 0x0}}, internal_function = {type = 1 '\001', function_name = 0x8af1841 "in_array", scope = 0x0, fn_flags = 256,
- prototype = 0x0, num_args = 3, required_num_args = 2, arg_info = 0x8ae7554, handler = 0x842691d <zif_in_array>,
- module = 0x8bcf120}}
- (gdb) p execute_data_ptr->function_state.function->common->function_name
- $26 = 0x8af1841 "in_array"
- (gdb) p execute_data_ptr->op_array->filename
- $27 = 0xb7fbc8e8 "/code/kk.php"
还可以加一下监控watch、设置一些调试变量set 等等
其他的调试工具还有 strace 查看系统调用、ltrace 查看类库的调用、vld查看opcode。
Tags: GDB调试PHP程序
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